Nefropatía diabética: diagnóstico y tratamiento

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the main complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, affecting the patient's quality of life. Chronic hyperglycemia and arterial hypertension are conditions that are involved in the pathogenesis of the anatomical damage of the nephrons, first affecting the nephron's mensagium and then the damage becomes more diffuse, which is related to the clinical stages of Mogensen and over the years manifests as end-stage renal failure. The earliest indicator of renal damage in diabetic patients is microalbuminuria and at this stage more emphasis should be placed on practicing dietary interventions, adequate glucose control, blood pressure levels at therapeutic goals and the use of various drugs which help prevent the development or progression of renal injury. Objective: to analyze the diagnostic approach and adequate treatment in the deterioration of renal function due to diabetes mellitus by reviewing updated scientific articles. Methodology: this is a descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive study by analyzing the clinical history. Conclusions: innovative treatments such as SGLT2, GLP-1 agonist, Finerenone, have solid evidence of helping to reduce cardiovascular risks, reduce the development of diabetic nephropathy and slow its evolution towards end-stage renal disease.