Proceso de atención de enfermería en paciente con neuropatía diabética periférica basado en la teoría de Dorothea Orem.

Abstract

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is one of the main causes of associated morbidity and mortality in the clinical evolution of patients with diabetes mellitus, worldwide. It is of multifactorial cause, which triggers damage or dysfunction of the nerve fibers at the level of the lower limbs, and can appear in 50% of people with diabetes: being a pathology that leads to frequent hospitalizations, lower limb amputations and this at In turn, it can culminate in the lack of autonomy of the people who suffer from it and consequently in a disability. Its clinical manifestations are generally symmetrical, bilateral and predominantly sensory. It is associated with numbness, paresthesia, intense hyperesthesia and sharp, burning pain, especially on the soles of the feet, with a gradual onset and progressive course. Self-care is an essential part in the treatment of any disease, in order to maintain life and the state of health, development and well-being of the individual. Dorothea Orem's theory serves as the basis in this study to fully identify the concepts of self-care and to apply this knowledge in the proposed dimensions of commitment and disposition of self-care, fully identifying the purpose of self-care in the person who is affected or ill, since that demonstrates the real impact of the patient's attitude and behavior on healthy actions to maintain their well-being and avoid serious complications. Objective: To apply the nursing care process using the Nanda, Noc and Nic instrument in a patient with diabetic peripheral neuropathy based on Dorothea Orem's theory through a bibliographic review to help improve the patient's quality of life. Methodology: A type of qualitative research was started, because the relevant data from the clinical history were taken and these, in turn, cannot be measurable; in addition to the clinical method, having taken the human being as the object of study as the central axis. High-impact databases published within the last 5 years were used. Results: In the present case study, a 74-year-old male patient, from marginal urban origin, with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus of 20 years of evolution, HPN for approximately 10 years of evolution associated with the presence of arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia (cholesterol and triglycerides).