Proceso de atención de enfermería en paciente con Matitis puerperal basado en la teoría de Ramona Mercer

Abstract

Introduction: During the puerperium there are usually various changes in which the woman is not usually physically and psychologically prepared to adapt to new changes in the successful breastfeeding process, the mothers' lack of knowledge about breastfeeding techniques or manual extraction of Breast milk not only affects the mother-child bond; Complications such as puerperal mastitis can also appear, being considered worldwide as one of the complications during the puerperium, which contributes to early weaning and mortality during this period with a prevalence of 9%.Puerperal mastitis is characterized by inflammation of the lobules that make up the mammary gland in which an infection may or may not develop; This inflammatory process usually occurs a few days after delivery, which can be unilateral or bilateral; Manifesting during the first stage: fever, erythema and pain in one or both breasts that may also be accompanied by malaise, chills, decreased milk secretion or painful axillary lymphadenopathy.Among the main causes of puerperal mastitis is milk accumulation and the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms such as: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus methicillin; Despite the fact that there is a bacterial flora in breast milk that contributes to the development of the newborn's intestinal flora, it does not affect the maternal breast.Approximately 33% of puerperal women are diagnosed with puerperal mastitis; in turn, 74% to 95% of these patients present complications during the first 12 weeks postpartum; however, during the late puerperium, mastitis is usually unilateral, with only 3 to 12% being bilateral. At the Ecuadorian level, 43.8% of children under six months are breastfeeding, this is due to different circumstances, among which are: the mother's work environment, breast complications (puerperal mastitis), premature and subsequent birth hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).