Intervenciòn de enfermería en ulceras varicosas para prevenir amputaciones de miembros inferiores

Abstract

Venous ulcers are considered as lesions or losses of skin substances produced by the malfunction of blood circulation either through veins or arteries, mainly affecting the lower limbs, decreasing their physical mobility, in our country it is considered one of the main high-risk diseases occupying between 80 and 90%, the people who are more likely to suffer from this disease are those with type 2 diabetes mellitus.We must know that there are no visible signs and symptoms in the early term as soon as a venous ulcer is going to develop, but we can diagnose it when there is the presence of heaviness in the legs and itching that causes itching in the area where it is going to develop and in turn considering his history of deep vein thrombosis or the presence of varicose veins as a triggering cause. The treatment begins from the moment the patient goes to the vascular surgery specialist, to carry out an arterial study. The objective of this case study is to apply the nursing care process, to reduce the risks of the patient, avoiding the worsening of the wound or its development in another area, as well as avoiding the amputation of their lower limbs, based on the theory of Dorothea Orem self-care. The methodology applied in this study is analytical, qualitative and descriptive.The problem we identified is a 68-year-old female patient, a resident of the Forest 1 site belonging to the Santa Rosa canton, who attended the health center of a certain town on June 22, 2022, reporting a history of varicose ulcers, with presence of general malaise, area affected by ulcers reddened and with the presence of purulent fluid, approximately in a time range of 1-month, Personal History: varicose ulcers and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Family History: Brother and parents with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Physical Exam: Blood Pressure: 130/80, Heart Rate: 78x', Respiratory Rate: 22X', Temperature: 36. 5º, Oxygen Saturation: 97%, Weight:55.8KG, Height: 151cm, Skin and mucosa with presence Jaundice, Ventilated lungs, Extremities with diminished muscle tone and strength, Neurological: Patient oriented in time, space and person.