Intervención de enfermería en paciente con preeclampsia, fundamentada en la Teoría de Marjorie Gordon

Abstract

Introduction: This document focuses on nursing interventions applied in pregnant patients with a diagnosis of preeclampsia, this multisystem condition is characterized by the presence of arterial hypertension equal to or greater than 140/90 mmHg and proteinuria in pregnant women with a higher gestational age. at 20 weeks, which can cause complications and increase the risk of mortality for the mother and the baby. Preeclampsia currently ranks second in maternal deaths, affecting 2 to 10% of pregnancies worldwide, likewise it mainly affects developing countries. In Latin America, for example, maternal deaths are associated with hypertensive disorders and are responsible for approximately 22.1% of deaths. The care provided by the nursing staff is key to improving the condition of these patients, so it is essential to prioritize the interventions that we are going to carry out in these patients, an adequate follow-up to document the presence of risk factors, signs and symptoms that lead us to a possible diagnosis in addition to severity criteria so as not to reach critical phases. Likewise, it is important that health professionals recognize in a timely manner the risk factors associated with preeclampsia, its complications, proper management and treatment, in order to avoid situations that can cause serious problems in the health of the pregnant woman and of the fetus. It is estimated that approximately 30% of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are caused by chronic arterial hypertension, while 70% are due to preeclamptic gestational hypertension. Of this last group, 3% are cases of mild preeclampsia.