Proceso de atención de enfermería en embarazada con Preeclampsia severa asociado con insuficiencia renal basado en la teoría Virginia Henderson

Abstract

Introduction: Preeclampsia is the appearance of arterial hypertension after twenty weeks of gestation that can be accompanied by organ failure such as renal failure, hematological complications, liver dysfunction, neurological complications or uteroplacental dysfunction. Preeclampsia is considered when the systolic blood pressure is greater than 140 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure is greater than 90 mmHg. For a good diagnosis, blood pressure measurement is performed plus complementary tests, including urinary proteins with values equal to or greater than 300 mg in 24-hour urine or 2 crosses, as well as tests that evaluate the target organs. In general, treatment is performed with magnesium sulfate or induction of labor at term or before witnessing maternal or fetal deaths. Preeclampsia appears after 20 weeks, but in some cases it can present postpartum within 48 hours. Within weeks 24 to 34 weeks of gestation, lung maturation can be performed based on prenatal corticosteroids such as betamethasone or dexamethasone intramuscularly in pregnant women. If there are signs of difficulty, it is recommended to start treatment to prevent eclampsia with magnesium sulphate at a loading dose and then carry out a maintenance dose (10 ampoules of magnesium sulphate in 900 ml of sodium chloride and go to 42 ml/ h). According to studies in Latin America, 25.7% of maternal deaths are associated with eclampsia and preeclampsia. In Ecuador, they constitute the main causality of maternal mortality between 2006 and 2014 with an equivalent of 27.5%. Objectives: To identify the clinical manifestations of preeclampsia, it is necessary to proceed with nursing care and thus optimize the health status of the patient for the prevention and control of maternal-fetal complications.