Incidencia del tangram en la enseñanza aprendizaje de la geometría, séptimo grado, Escuela Luis Amando Ugarte Lemus Machala 2022-2023

Abstract

This research work clearly justifies the elaboration and use of different types of tangrams within the teaching-learning process in the area of geometry, which will serve the teachers and the development of thinking in seventh grade students of the "Luis Amando Ugarte Lemus" School in the city of Machala. Therefore, the implementation of this project allowed us to learn about the reality of the educational environment where the phenomenon of study was detected and in this way we obtained a better overview of the problems identified. The survey and interview were used for data collection, which served to determine the lack of knowledge of teachers in the development and use of play materials in Geometry, which has a negative impact on the level of reasoning presented by students to solve exercises related to geometric content. As for the methodology used in this thesis, it was deductive because it started from the general to the particular and analytical because it was analysed in a methodical and more detailed way the object of study, and the results achieved. Therefore, it was essential to use the quantitative approach because field data was collected, tabulated and presented in statistical tables and graphs, and it is also qualitative because the data was analysed and interpreted by the authors. According to the level of research, it is explanatory, descriptive, relational and propositional. Explanatory because it establishes the cause-effect relationship between the dependent and independent variables, it is also relational because the correlation between the two is established, descriptive because the reality studied was presented, and it is also propositional because it is based on an educational need for which a proposal was made to solve the problem. Thus, the proposal presented for this research work was a didactic manual on the use of Tangram, designed with activities related to the themes of plane figures, types of angles, triangles and the calculation of measurements, methodological strategies and resources articulated to the curricular elements on which the teaching staff of the educational institution Luis Amando Ugarte Lemus is based. After its implementation and thorough analysis to measure the feasibility conditions in the technical, economic, social and legal dimensions, it was concluded that this proposal is an alternative of great impact for teachers, since it will allow them to strengthen the relationship with their students during the academic process allowing them to develop their logical, motor, spatial and creative thinking through the implementation and manipulation of the different types of tangram, and in this way they can acquire significant learning, thus showing its effectiveness when integrating it into the didactic planning. Finally, the recommendations presented in this document emphasise the need to foster a sense of independence in teachers, since continuous professional development is always necessary, through research and application of new methodological strategies using the tangram to broaden their pedagogical knowledge and thus apply it in the classroom environment to work dynamically and actively with their students.