Uso de materiales concretos para el aprendizaje de operaciones básicas en estudiantes del segundo grado EGB, Escuela Bolivia Benítez, período, 2022.

Abstract

The present research project addresses the research problem, which in this case refers to determining the impact of the use of concrete materials on the learning of basic operations in second-grade students of general basic education (EGB) at Bolivia Benitez School during the 2022 period. The aim is to determine if the use of concrete materials has a positive impact on students' learning, which could recommend its use in other schools and grades, contributing to improving academic performance in mathematics. Therefore, the project's objective is to analyze the impact of the use of concrete materials in teaching basic operations at Bolivia Benitez School. The central hypothesis of this work is that the use of concrete materials has a significant impact on the learning of basic operations, improving the quality of education in second-grade students at Bolivia Benitez School in the 2022 period. The research methodology used was a mixed-level approach with descriptive and explanatory characteristics, including bibliographic and field research. Data collection was carried out through observation to analyze how teachers conducted their classes, surveys directed to 76 out of 120 students through simple random sampling, and interviews with the entire universe of the case study, consisting of four teachers, which was manageable. The research instruments applied showed that the use of concrete materials is highly motivating and fun for students, however, there is a limitation and prolonged use of the same materials by teachers, causing fatigue in students, this is because teachers have little knowledge in constructing low-cost concrete materials, further limiting their use in the classroom. In response, an effective and viable alternative solution is proposed, which is the development of a didactic guide for the creation and use of concrete materials made from recycled and environmentally friendly materials for teaching basic math operations, this solution aims to facilitate students' learning, develop fundamental math skills, foster creativity, and promote recycling and environmental sustainability.