Análisis de la estructura del pavimento del tramo de carretera comprendido entre la intersección de la vía Barbones – Tendales hasta la comuna de Bajo Alto

Abstract

There is no doubt that road infrastructures are a powerful tool to improve the quality of life of people, because it is the fundamental and strategic pillar for the social and economic development of a population that wants to expand through trade. For centuries roads have been the development of current societies, as it is known that the ancient Egyptian civilization was one of the first to build roads to be able to communicate with the metropolis and to be able to exchange goods, products and food. Currently, our country does not have sufficient liquidity or qualified personnel to carry out preventive or corrective maintenance activities to preserve the integrity of the road system, both superficial and structural. For this reason, the interest arises to carry out a superficial and structural evaluation of the access road to the Bajo Alto commune, to know the current state of the road and make an intervention proposal to recover the integrity of the road.The road leads from the intersection of the Barbones - Tendales road to the commune of Bajo Alto, with approximately 6.05 kilometers in length and asphalt pavement as a surface layer. Based on the results obtained, 8 types of failures were found out of the total of nineteen failures established by the PCI method, where the crocodile skin failure has a great dominance over the others, since 100% of the failures registered in the eighteen units of sample, 50% of the failures belong to the crocodile skin type, among the other types of failures that were found were; exudations, block cracking, bulging and subsidence, edge crack, longitudinal and/or transverse cracks, patching and holes, in addition, the road's PCI index was 47, which is why it is considered that the state of the road is regular. From the study carried out on the subgrade, it was obtained that the CBR for the M2 section where the pavement has- Failed- was 4.15% while for the M1 section where the pavement presented the best conditions (Excellent) it presented a CBR of 2.63%. On the other hand, from the soil classification that was carried out, the strangeness was obtained that for sample M1 the granular material was found up to 1 m deep, while for sample M2 the material was only found up to 0.5 m. It was concluded that the state of the pavement is a more non-superficial structural problem, because the layers of the pavement structure present inconsistencies according to what the MOP standard specifies, since in section M1 despite having 1 meter of granular material, the base layer, when studying its granulometry, did not comply with the limits imposed in the standard, on the other hand, in the M2 it needs an additional layer of granular material (base) to be able to resist vehicular loads. For this reason, the most viable option that was identified to be applied in the study pathway was a reconstruction of the structural package.