Estilos de apego y su influencia con el vínculo materno-infantil en madres adolescentes

Abstract

The main objective of this research is to understand the importance of attachment styles in adolescent mothers and their influence on their relationship with their child. The family systemic epistemological approach arises from the theoretical contributions of different authors and schools of that time, which were interested in studying family relationships. It should be noted that this approach focuses mainly on working with families, as this is the key point for the proper development of relationships and emotional bonds. Through an exhaustive analysis of the information gathered, three study themes were established, attachment, affective bonding and alterations in motherhood. The approach of this research is qualitative with grounded theory design and the sample was non-probabilistichomogeneous, since it focuses on the conscious selection of participants who share common characteristics, this with the purpose of having the adequate sample for the satisfactory development of the study, which was formed by three adolescent mothers between 15 and 19 years old, residents of the city of Machala, El Oro province, two of them belong to the Ciudadela 20 de Noviembre and one of the Circunvalación Sur sector. For data collection, a first approach was made with the participants, who were very collaborative and enthusiastic about being part of this research study, in the same way, they were given informed consent, then a semi-structured interview was used whose questions were made according to the literature review and the objectives set, qualitative observation was also used, which served to record the behavior of the interviews and external factors that may influence the study. From the theoretical support of the different authors, the following results were obtained: theme 1 attachment, from which three categories emerge: family attachment, partner attachment and attachment with the child; theme 2 is the affective bond, within which are found maternal care, communication with the child and expectations in pregnancy and the future. Finally, theme 3 is about the alterations in motherhood, since at this stage they usually experience a series of changes, thus placing the categories of emotional alterations, physical alterations and cognitive alterations. In conclusion, the attachment that most of the mothers established with their family circle was ideal, due to the fact that they covered each of the required needs, becoming a reference for the care of their children; however, they consider that the parenting style they wish to implement should be based on good communication, trust and the practice of good values, which will allow them to perform better in each of their areas, in addition, having the support of their partner was a fundamental complement. In recommendations, it is suggested that in health centers professionals work together to provide optimal care to teenage mothers, in addition to conducting workshops to enhance skills in the face of this new change and encourage couples to be part of the care of their children.