Factores a considerar para la calidad del agua y suelo en cultivos de camarón Litopenaeus Vannamei.

Abstract

The health of organisms in aquaculture depends on soil quality and water in fattening systems. Poor soil and water quality can lead to direct death, but more often stresses aquatic animals making them more vulnerable to infectious diseases. That is why the efforts required for organisms to maintain homeostasis diverts the energy of growth since they are faced with sub-optimal water and soil quality conditions. When there is a deterioration in the quality of the aquatic environment both the survival and growth of the organisms present in the crop system tend to decrease. The main stress factors for organisms in the aquatic environment are due to suboptimal levels or concentrations of the following parameters: temperature, salinity, cation imbalance, pH, gas saturation and toxic algae, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, carbon dioxide, total hardness, microorganisms and sediment. The lack of interest on each of the most relevant factors to consider for soil and water quality in shrimp crops Litopenaeus vannamei is the bottleneck in aquaculture since these two variables are essentially the environment of a pond cultivation, Likewise, the effluents from cultivation systems can cause harmful consequences in coastal waters due to the increase of organic matter, suspended solids and nutrients. But, if proper management is carried out, the negative effect of effluents can be reduced, and this is achieved by maintaining optimal conditions in terms of soil and water parameters.