Zonificación geotécnica aplicada al uso de tablestacados en cimentaciones de hasta 2 metros de profundidad en la ciudad de Machala

Abstract

The problem of wanting to build a foundation on the coast of Ecuador, specifically in Machala. Since the soil is mainly sandy, they become very difficult if you work without knowing much about foundation construction. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute so that these buildings have an adequate and safe base for all, on which a geotechnical zoning study will be carried out and a type of soil corresponding to the city of Machala will be obtained. The zoning of leaves in the soil to a depth of two meters for the foundation in Machala allows to know the mechanical properties of the soil and achieve stability in this terrain. The sheets are nailed into the ground to hold it and support the drilling of foundations, providing safety for workers to avoid possible collapses. They are made of different materials such as wood, reinforced concrete or steel. Sheet piles are of great importance in earthmoving, since they are used in: soil isolation, underground structures, retaining walls, fixed holes, groundwater barriers, dams and screens. The analysis was carried out in the city of Machala, where the samples were taken and the corresponding tests were carried out. Machala, located in the coastal region of the country, is problematic terrain because the water table is several meters deep, while when we dug the terrain we found that there is 0.90 to 1.20 meters of water. Soils that contain water have been studied a lot in recent years in soil mechanics, because these soils are heavy and the same traditional methods are not used to study them. Therefore, zoning of foundation sheet piles is crucial in Machala because the city's soil is waterlogged, making its uniformity and durability low. For this, laboratory and geotechnical tests of the soil provided by the municipality of Machala were obtained from the following sectors: Barrio Venezuela, Puerto Bolívar and the municipal market of Machala. To calculate the depth of the sheet piles, which can withstand a depth of two meters, the corresponding tests and soil stability were carried out for each test pit. It is concluded that the metal sheet piles achieve stability in the soil at a depth of up to two meters in the excavations of the test area. In this way, it helps in its constructive execution and in the prevention of damage to neighboring houses. According to Bethlehem Steel Corporation, for a more general analysis of Machala, the PZ-22 may be a good option for various parts of the city. The aforementioned profile provides stability and guarantees that our soil does not cause landslides or subsidence during the construction of the foundation, especially during excavation, which protects the health of workers and users. Finally, in this project, we can know the different types of soil, characteristics and properties, present in the city, so that it can be used in future geotechnical projects or structures, these being of vital importance for the growth of the city.