Revisión sistemática de la contaminación de los humedales por metales pesados, bacteriológico y su impacto en el ecosistema

Abstract

Wetlands are ecosystems that are home to a great biodiversity of flora and fauna. They have economic and ecological importance, as they provide nutrients, control flooding, among other benefits. However, due to anthropogenic contamination they are at risk. To solve the practical case, the objective was to describe the causes of contamination in wetlands by heavy metals and bacteria to determine the impact on ecosystems through bibliographic research. A descriptive study was carried out by reviewing scientific documents. One of the main pollutants are heavy metals such as Mercury, Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic. For example, amounts of Arsenic greater than 0.1 mg/L in irrigation water cause toxic effects in humans, since Arsenic is capable of being transferred to the edible part of the plant. And bacteria (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas) are also responsible for affecting water quality, these microorganisms are the cause of multiple infectious diseases, so they cannot be used in agriculture and livestock. These pollutants come from urban areas, industrial activities and oil exploitation. Therefore, the rights of nature must be enforced through environmental control and surveillance entities. To find out if the water coming from the wetlands is suitable for these activities, water quality studies must be carried out beforehand, which includes a chemical and bacteriological analysis.