Atención de enfermería en tuberculosis pulmonar multidrogoresistente fundamentada en la teoría de Dorothea Orem

Abstract

Introduction: Nursing professionals play an important role in timely care for people affected by tuberculosis. Microbial resistance is a public health problem for the individual, family and community that generates high costs for the patient and the National Health System. Epidemiologically at the level of Latin America, Peru has the highest rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with 3,500 cases each year, followed by Colombia with 390 cases: Ecuador shows the lowest rate with 95 cases. Drug resistance is associated with a deficient Tuberculosis Control Program, therapeutic dropouts, inadequate schemes that generate resistance to rifampicin and other factors such as age, sex, immunosuppression, comorbidities and what is related to the cultural and social context of those affected. Objective: To describe nursing care in multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis based on Dorothea Orem's theory. Methodology: The study was qualitative, descriptive because it allowed to rely on scientific bases and a method of observation on the problem. Description of the case: A 35-year-old male patient, residing in the city of Pasaje, attended the health facility for general malaise, fatigue, persistent mucopurulent cough for more than three weeks, respiratory distress with a history of consumption of illegal substances and abandonment of antifungal treatment on two occasions. No family pathological history. He was admitted to the outpatient clinic for medical evaluation, bacilloscopy (BK), laboratory tests and complementary RX-thorax, CT scan were requested; In addition, a clinical file is prepared for the evaluation of the national MDR committee. After 48 hours, the results of the BK (1st +++) (2nd ++) are obtained, it is sent for a real-time PCR study, culture and sensitivity tests due to a history of abandoning previous treatment.