Manejo integral de la fractura de columna vertebral patológica

Abstract

Introduction: A pathological vertebral fracture is defined as that which occurs in a vertebra that has lost its normal viscoelasticity and strength properties. There are several etiological factors such as those secondary to senile and metabolic osteoporosis, stress fractures and fractures on benign neoplastic lesions. Objective: To establish the comprehensive management of pathological spine fractures through a literature review in the last 5 years in the following databases: Scopus, ElSevier, Pubmed, Lilacs, Taylor & Francis, which will allow medical personnel to make an adequate diagnosis and therapeutic approach in this nosological entity. Materials and methods: After searching for articles in scientific databases of evidence-based medicine with the title "pathological vertebral fracture, diagnostic and therapeutic management", we proceeded to a selection of articles that are in quartile 1 and 2 of Scimago Journal Rank, of the last 5 years in progress. Conclusions: Magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for the diagnostic approach of this nosological entity, however, due to the difficult access and high economic cost, this imaging study is usually reserved in specific cases, especially in oncologic cases. Radiography and tomography are the most accessible and affordable imaging techniques. Therapeutic management is mainly focused on the etiology of the pathological vertebral fracture, as well as the management of chronic pain, clinical or pharmacological preventive measures.