Actualización en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la lumbociatalgia

Abstract

Introduction: Lumbosciatalgia is pain in the lumbar spine that radiates to the hip, outer thigh, posterior aspect of the leg, and outer edge of the foot to the toes. It is due to an affectation at the level of the L4-S3, which make up the sciatic nerve, causing pain of great intensity and of intermediate duration that can affect the quality of life. Objective: Describe the latest updates on the diagnosis and treatment of lumbociatalgia through a bibliographic search of high-impact scientific articles in order to know the correct management of this pathology in order to avoid complications in the lives of patients who suffer from them. Methods and materials: Descriptive, retrospective study obtained in bibliographic sources such as: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scielo, published in the last 5 years that contribute on the subject. Results: 30 bibliographic reviews were related, where the definition, epidemiology, classification, risk factors and methods for diagnosis and treatment are described. Conclusion: Lumbosciatic pain is very prevalent in the population, it is one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in primary care. The diagnosis is mainly based on performing a correct history and physical examination; imaging tests are not recommended. The treatment consists of general measures such as good posture, avoiding weight bearing, losing weight; as well as the non-pharmacological treatment that are massages, electrotherapy, acupuncture and heat therapy, accompanied by the medication of choice such as paracetamol or second-line NSAIDs.