Estrategias metodológicas para desarrollar el pensamiento crítico en los alumnos, octavo año, Colegio de Bachillerato República del Ecuador, Machala, periodo 2021-2022

Abstract

In the present degree project corresponding to the title of Bachelors in Basic Education, it summarizes the knowledge that we have acquired during the elaboration of our pre-professional practices, within which we have evidenced the problem, Methodological strategies to develop critical thinking in students, eighth year, "República del Ecuador" High School, Machala, period 2021-2022. Therefore, we have proposed the development of a didactic guide aimed at teachers and students to make known how to make good use of them, emphasizing some fun strategies and games that teachers can teach in their classes, taking into account that this will help. For the student to be motivated by it, our proposal is about methodological strategies, which can be used to develop critical thinking in eighth-year students of the Republic of Ecuador high school, 2021-2022. For the elaboration of our thesis, bibliographical research was used, with reliable sources, which led us to achieve the desired results. Due to the above, interviews with teachers and surveys of students were started to determine the level of understanding on the part of the campus authorities and also to learn a little more about how students see the use of methodological strategies in the teaching and learning process used by teachers in the classroom. According to the results obtained, it was possible to show that teachers have an average level of knowledge about the aforementioned and some do not use them, that is why we have implemented this guide to be able to encourage teachers to make their classes more dynamic with the help of some strategies such as problem-based learning, collaborative learning, autonomous learning, active learning, challenge-based learning, project-based learning. According to this we focus on designing the didactic guide with methodological strategies which clarify informative elements of the activities that will be applied, in an easy and very dynamic way which will allow the student to work not only with the teacher, autonomously, this will also help the student to work as a team, causing a more active intervention, thus enabling the student to improve their ability to solve problems within the educational and social sphere. Finally, this work can be achieved, to generate changes in education, leaving aside the traditionalist practices used in classes, allowing the student new learning experiences, achieving students capable of solving and understanding problems, not only that but also the development of intellectual abilities. that each of them has, giving the student the ability to know himself, benefiting the student to have a meaningful learning, which will help him in the teaching and learning process, leading him to build critical thinking, encouraging him to be constructivist, letting him be a person useful in society, pretending that the student makes better decisions in the future and encouraging him to investigate any doubt that arises.