Material didáctico para la enseñanza de ciencias naturales en básica media, Unidad Educativa Víctor Gerardo Aguilar, cantón Ponce Enríquez 2021-2022.

Abstract

This research project is consolidated by compliance with the requirement for professional training in correspondence to the Basic Education Career as a "graduation work", under the integrative project modality as manifested by the parameters of the Technical University of Machala. Which was developed with the theme: "Teaching material for the teaching of natural sciences in high school, Víctor Gerardo Aguilar educational unit, Ponce Enríquez canton 2021-2022". The research focuses on the implementation of teaching materials as fundamental tools in the teaching-learning process; due to the fact that unmotivated, bored and unwilling to learn students are recurrently observed, which becomes an impediment in academic training, conventional didactic materials are often used in the development of the chairs, which does not generate interest in the student and therefore, the contents are not absorbed in a significant way. The research is duly substantiated according to the bibliographic review carried out through an exhaustive search of scientific articles that helped us to carry out the theoretical framework where the importance, advantages and characteristics of didactic materials in the teaching of natural sciences are highlighted. The techniques and instruments applied are qualitative and quantitative. In the same way, different techniques were developed such as: survey and observation guide allowing the collection of information as support for the veracity of the data obtained that were provided by teachers, among the most relevant results obtained in the survey and observation guide to the teacher. , it is evident that the materials used in the classroom are blackboard, academic text, notebook which do not generate interest in learning in the students, likewise, it was evidenced that the teachers do not know how to implement the materials in the class. With the application of the research instruments, it was possible to demonstrate relevant findings that allowed us to understand the problem and served for the intervention proposal. These results led to propose the elaboration of the proposal that bears the name: "Guidance manual for the use of applied didactic materials to improve the teaching-learning processes of natural sciences" where some didactic materials are presented, both experimental, audiovisual, of replication, accompanied by methods and forms of teaching, together with a series of steps for its implementation in the natural sciences classroom. These materials, methods and forms of teaching will greatly favor the teaching-learning processes in the classroom, since it is necessary to convert the classroom environment into a space where the activities that are carried out are carried out in an interactive and playful way, promoting mostly student participation. The application of this manual will be very important because it seeks to support the teaching staff step by step in their arduous task of teaching, developing a more active and dynamic pedagogy in the classroom, at the same time dedication and persistence will be the infallible factors for a correct application thereof; helping their students to be more creative and reflective, allowing them to build their own knowledge based on new experiences that will later be put into practice, providing them with lasting learning.