La caricatura y la serigrafía como medio de expresión ante la extralimitación del poder gubernamental en Ecuador.

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to demonstrate one of the evils that has plagued Ecuador since time immemorial, known as the overreach of governmental power or abuse of political power, through an artistic perspective combining traditional and contemporary technical aspects. In an analysis of the objective formulated through the investigation, different types of artistic expressions within history and its great variety were evidenced, the emergence of the avant-garde was one of the major events that caused the art to take more relevance within the social environment, serving as an intermediary between the message and the recipient. This led the artist to better consider the message before exposing it to the public, looking for new possibilities to be more visible, reaching a greater number of audiences, now exposing problems that show the social reality. The overreach of political power or its abuse is not something recent in the artistic sphere, but quite the opposite, art being the means by which social and political discontent has been expressed. In search of these techniques that would allow collective visibility, caricature was implemented as a satirical medium, to expose and record, in a humorous way, the most relevant events so that they would penetrate the memory of the people, an expression that was adopted by many countries such as Argentina, Venezuela and Ecuador. Another technique that fulfilled the same objective and was easy to produce was the printing of posters by means of the serigraphic technique using stencils and making high-contrast achromatic designs using low-cost supports such as paper, distributing them in all possible places. All these artists who dared to make these denouncements by means of this type of expression served as references for the new generations, Ecuador being one of the countries that has used these new techniques to show its discontent in the face of government oppression. In allusion to these references, this intervention aims to make people remember the abuse that Ecuador has been subjected to, taking as an example some contemporary events, where laws and regulations were imposed, the excess of power is evidenced and impunity prevails due to bad administration by the authorities, showing the people as the only ones affected and repressed by all kinds of aggressions. For the proposal, traditional techniques such as brush painting and contemporary techniques such as serigraphy were implemented, and their serialisation allowed the approach of a wider space within the city of Machala, with the objective that passers-by reflect on the events of the past in order to try to avoid them in the future. On the other hand, the results obtained in the proposal were satisfactory from the moment of its execution, given that more experience was gained in new techniques such as serigraphy, and at the same time the staging of the proposal gave us the opportunity to know in detail the public opinions about the social reality that the country is going through. We were able to show some opinions about the current government and its administration in relation to the needs of the people of machaleña, and how it has made clear its lack of government not only for this city, but also for the country in general.