Efecto del vermicompost en el desarrollo de plantas de banano en la etapa de vivero.

Abstract

Banana cultivation is in constant renewal of planted areas, so quality plant material free of pathogens is required, therefore, taking into account the origin of the seed and the substrate where the plants will be kept in the nursery stage before planting in the final field plays a very important role for the banana world. The main objective was to analyze the effect of various vermicompost treatments on the morphological development of Williams banana plants at nursery level. The study was carried out at "Las Mercedes" farm, located in the parish of El Cambio, Machala canton, at Km 8 of the Machala-Pajonal road, in the province of El Oro. Four treatments were established, (T1) consisted of 100 grams of vermicompost + 650 g of rice chaff and 650 g of sand. (T2) consisted of 200 g of vermicompost + 600 g of rice chaff + 600 g of sand. Next, (T3) consisted of 300 g of vermicompost + 500 grams of rice chaff + 500 grams of sand and finally (T4) consisted of 300 g of soil + 500 grams of rice chaff + 500 grams of sand. The variables evaluated were plant height, plant height to the apex, seedling stem, leaf emission, root length, root and corm weight, electrical conductivity, compost and vermicompost pH and leaf chlorophyll. Duncan and ANOVA tests were performed with the data obtained at 5% significance, for the variables electrical conductivity and pH of the compost and vermicompost, six samples were taken for 60 days. In the elaboration of the compost, the lowest average electrical conductivity obtained was 1099 μS/m in the second measurement, while the highest value was 1890 μS/m, the pH values determined in the compost were highly alkaline, at the end of the measurement the pH had a value of 8. The electrical conductivity of the vermicompost presented variation and ended with 2076 μS/m, the highest pH was 7.95 in the M6. For plant height the highest value was obtained in treatment two (T2) with a height of 51.5 cm; the highest value for the stem of the plants was 10.3 cm obtained in treatment three (T3). In leaf emission, the highest average value was 8.8 number of leaves in treatment three (T3). In leaf chlorophyll (T1) and (T4) were the highest values with 30.4 and 29.2 degrees spad, respectively. The highest value for root weight + corm was in (T3) with 0.54 kg. Root length was highest in the treatment (T3) with 52 cm. It is demonstrated that effectively with the application of a higher dose of vermicompost, the plants obtain a greater development in the nursery stage