Análisis epidemiológico de las principales enfermedades virales que afectan a los bovinos de el ecuador

Abstract

Viral diseases represent a risk to both the economy of people and public health, which is why an analysis of the main viral diseases that affect cattle in Ecuador was carried out. We found research from the last 10 years, corresponding to repositories of scientific information, where they indicate the presence of bovine rabies, bovine viral diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and parainfluenza. A total of 19 articles were found that showed that the disease that has occurred the most in the last 10 years is Bovine Viral Diarrhea with 56% in relation to the rest of the diseases; likewise, the province where more studies have been reported is Loja with 31.59% (6), then there are Tungurahua, Napo, Manabí, Pastaza and Chimborazo (2 each); in which most studies were carried out in 2015; highlighting that the current information, referring to viral diseases, specifically Bovine Viral Diarrhea was given in the year 2022. The frequencies with the highest presentation corresponding to each disease are: Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (2012), in the province of Manabí with 95%, in second position is Parainfluenza Bovina (2015), in the province of Azuay with 93.40%; following with Bovine Viral Diarrhea (2015) and Bovine Rabies (2019), both studies carried out in the province of Loja. It is important to carry out a greater number of studies at the national level, it is recommended to carry out seroprevalence studies of viral diseases in cattle with greater impact on the economy.