Influencia de distintos tipos de árboles de sombra en el desarrollo de los cafetales en ecuador

Abstract

The study objective of the present work is to show the influence of shade in the development of coffee plantations, the investigation was carried out only in Arabic coffee, because it predominates in the local and international market, being the most important coffee in the world. The quality of the coffee influences the moment of its commercialization, for this reason, techniques are sought and investigated to improve it, one of these is in the management of shadows in the coffee plantations. It was evidenced in various scientific articles, books, magazines and web pages, the influence it causes, improving grain quality, allowing better plant development, due to improvements in photosynthesis, water balance, nutrition, pest and disease control. Different trees are used to provide shade, in which Leucaena and Guaba improve nutrition, fixing nitrogen to the soil. Teak and Fernán Sánchez, timber trees for dual purposes in cultivation, providing shade and use of their wood. Banana and avocado, having two different crops for better economic income. For the benefits to stand out and not be detrimental to the crop, it requires space, planting distances, avoiding competition for nutrients and water, the measures are according to the type of tree, Maintain a percentage of shadows no greater than 70% in planting and consider this practice in areas where rainfall is not high.