Revisión de las principales técnicas de aislamiento e identificación de patógenos que provocan mortalidad temprana en cultivos de camarón blanco

Abstract

Aquaculture activity has grown rapidly in recent years, but has been presenting a number of problems in production, being one of the main the appearance, of various diseases caused by bacteria of which it stands out as the main cause of high mortality, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis (AHPND), being a disease caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and due to the difficult identification of this pathogen was made the present bibliographic review where, we present the main methods of isolation and identification of the pathogen causing (AHPND), the first form of identification is by histopathology performed by means of a microscope analysis to the hepatopancreatic tubules where the detachment of epithelial cells is observed, the method of isolation for the molecular tests is by means of the culture in petri dishes, where once the pathogen has been obtained the identification is carried out by performing the following molecular techniques, such as Dot Blot Hybridization, which allows pathogens to be identified by the presence of DNA, the second method is PCR, which is an enzymatic process in which certain DNA sequences are amplified, and the final molecular test is the LAMP method and is a Loop-mediated DNA isothermal amplification assay, which serve to quickly identify bacteria, All these methods help us to identify the pathogens that cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis (AHPND), and so we can obtain a quick response to any resurgence of this disease.