Determinación de tres tipos de alimento natural para el estadio de mysis i en el cultivo larvario de <i>litopenaeus vannamei</i>

Abstract

Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the most important aquaculture species in the world, quality larval production is one of the most important factors to ensure success in large-scale shrimp farming. During their first stages of life, nauplii feed on their own reserves, in the protozoan stage, phytoplankton is the main source of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and other nutritional compounds, while from mysis, there is a transition to active predation in larger zooplankton species. Larvae require animal feed, especially long-chain fatty acids, to complete their development. Nutritional compounds such as essential amino acids (EAA) and highly unsaturated fatty acids such as EPA and DHA play an important role in enhancing growth and survival. As live food, microalgae are a source of high quality nutrients given the varied content of essential amino acids and fatty acids, however, in the mysis stage they serve as a complement, since zooplankton is the most complete source of nutrients. Artemia sp., has been identified as the best natural food for shrimp thanks to its ease of handling and suitability for bioencapsulation; however, it is deficient in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-3. Copepods provide higher amounts of highly unsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) than rotifers or brine shrimp, therefore, they should be fortified with nutrients such as fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and probiotics to mimic the nutritional profile of the copepod.