Importancia de los principales parámetros físico químicos que influyen en el cultivo de microalgas marinas

Abstract

Microalgae are a valuable natural resource for various aquaculture species. Due to their potential applications, they have generated a growing interest in recent years. Their main function in aquaculture is to be a natural food source. This paper reviews the literature on the importance of the physicochemical parameters of microalgae to obtain a massive proliferation of optimum quality for the nutrition of aquatic organisms, which can affect their growth, biomass and nutritional content. Scientific evidence indicates that the environmental conditions of microalgae vary according to the species, but the literature has been able to establish a standardized table in which a light intensity between 2,500-5,000 lux, a photoperiod of 16:8 (minimum); 14:0 (maximum) lux, pH between 8.2-8.7, a salinity of 20-24 ppt and a temperature from 18-24 °C are used, also, it is important to control the availability of nutrients and CO2. On the other hand, it is necessary to know the growth curve of the microalgae to evaluate the culture and its development. Regarding their production, it is necessary to implement a culture medium, among the main ones are Conway and Guillard's F/2, which provide certain nutrients and vitamins depending on the species. Different authors conclude that Guillard's F/2 is better in terms of cell density and carotenoid production. It can be concluded that it is not advisable to standardize a culture medium, because the requirements will vary according to the selected species.