Efecto del fertirriego y fertilizacion edafica en parametros agronomicos en la produccion de banano, canton pasaje-provincia el oro

Abstract

Bananas are grown in all tropical regions and are of fundamental importance in the country's economy, being a staple food that contributes to the food security of millions of people in Ecuador, in addition to providing economic income and creating labor. In the province of El Oro there are approximately 43,352 hectares of bananas planted, representing 23% of national production. Fertigation is a technique widely used nowadays, it is based on an irrigation system that is done in a localized manner in the most active part of the root system of the plant, which favors the absorption of nutrients in a smaller portion of the soil volume. Due to this relevance, the present research was carried out at the "La Marquez" farm, which is located in the parish of La Peaña in the Pasaje canton, at km 15 of the Machala-Pasaje Road, province of El Oro. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with the objective of evaluating the effect of three types of fertilization: fertigation, soil fertilization and soil-fertigation through agronomic parameters on banana production. The variables evaluated were: Leaf emission (V1-EF), Son height at harvest (V2-AH), Shaft diameter (V3-FUST), Cluster weight (V4-PRM), Rachis weight (V5-PRQ), Number of hands per cluster (V6-NM), Number of fingers of the sun hand (V7-NDMS), Number of fingers of the last hand (V8-NDUM). In the distribution of the blocks, it was considered to maintain the variability between experimental units and to maximize the differences between them. The blocks were constituted by compact areas in the farm and within each block were the different treatments of the experimental units. It was determined that the treatment with fertigation in all the variables presented the highest means in relation to the other treatments, in spite of not presenting significant differences in some of the evaluated variables, there were numerical differences between them, the analysis of variances and post hoc tests of the different biometric variables of the banana crop as a result of the three treatments, An exploratory analysis of the data was carried out by means of a bar graph, followed by an inter-group Factorial ANOVA, showing that the data for each variable measured had significant differences, and also that the types of fertilization influenced the variables measured. It was found that the assumption of additivity between treatments was fulfilled and presented significant differences between the variables evaluated, determining that the variable leaf emission, bunch weight, number of hands, number of fingers of the last hand, presented significant differences between them, contrary to the variables growth, stem, rachis weight and number of fingers of the sun hand, these assumptions are determined because the significance expressed in the test is less than the proposed Alpha of 0.05. The research determined that treatment T3-Fertigation was the treatment that gave the best results in most of the biometric variables considered and therefore the highest production.