Comparación proximal de dos biocarbones obtenidos de cáscara de cacao y estiércol bovino en diferentes condiciones de pirolisis

Abstract

Charcoal or biochar is obtained from vegetable or animal waste material. This research focuses on obtaining two biochars from cocoa husks and bovine manure to give a positive environmental effect to sustainable agriculture, converting the residual material into biochar through the pyrolysis process, whose purpose is to implement it as an organic amendment to improve soils and increase productivity and carbon sequestration. The objective of this research work is to analyze the physical and chemical properties of two biochar obtained in an artisanal pyrolytic reactor from cocoa and bovine manure at different temperatures and incineration time. The amount of biochar, biochar yield, pH, Alpha pH, electrical conductivity (EC), hydrophobicity, percentage of moisture, ash, fixed carbon (FC) were determined, functional groups by infrared spectroscopy (IR) by Furier transforms (FTIR) and the determination of nitrogen for the biochar of cocoa husk and bovine manure, which were measured five times in the laboratory of the Utmach, the tests carried out to obtain biochar were in the city of Santa Rosa, province of El Oro. With the help of a pyrolysis reactor previously built by hand, for the conformation of the tests we worked with two different independent variables which were: the range of temperature and incineration time, which consisted of three tests for each biomass. Once the results were obtained, they were entered in an Excel sheet to be tabulated and entered in the SPSS version 22 statistical software for the respective statistical analysis. The results reflected in this research in the yield and total biochar the highest averages of cocoa biochar were obtained in ECC3, with a yield of 35.56%, and total weight of 1.07 kg, for cattle manure biochar the highest value of yield and total biochar corresponded to the EEB2 trial with 71.11% and 2.13 kg; The pH values of all the tests carried out were highly alkaline with ranges of 8.23 - 10.04 and low EC with ranges of 0.57 - 1.27 dS/cm. The hydrophobicity test on cocoa husk at 300 ºC is favorable in its permeability of the biochar and on bovine manure obtained at a temperature of 200 ºC showed that water does not easily penetrate the surface layer formed on the biochar. The highest percentage of moisture content was obtained in cocoa husk at 300 ºC with an average value of 10.28, being thus inversely proportional to the bovine manure with an average value of 4.68. The highest percentage of ash was obtained in bovine manure at a temperature of 300 ºC. While the fixed carbon obtained in cocoa husk had the highest value at a temperature of 200 ºC, a result that was corroborated by infrared analysis where the cocoa samples showed carboxylic functional groups. The levels with the highest nitrogen content was that of bovine manure with a value of 4.38% at a temperature of 300 ºC.