Proceso de atención de enfermería en paciente hipertenso con riesgos cardiovasculares orientado en el autocuidado de Dorothea Orem

Abstract

Arterial hypertension is one of the most frequent chronic noncommunicable diseases worldwide and is the first comorbidity factor for cardiovascular diseases such as cerebrovascular accidents, acute myocardial infarction, heart and venous insufficiency, pathologies that can lead to premature death; worldwide there are currently more than 1130 million people diagnosed with arterial hypertension, while in Ecuador at least 20% of the population over 19 years of age is hypertensive without being aware of their diagnosis until complications develop, this is because Most people, especially men, do not have regular medical check-ups. For this reason, one of the strategies most used by health systems is to act on modifiable risk factors such as: improving the quality of food, promoting exercise, abandoning the consumption of toxic substances such as tobacco and alcohol. The role of nursing in primary care focuses on health prevention and promotion using Dorothea Orem's self-care theory, taking advantage of the health resources that the person has within their environment to take care of themselves and thus avoid the development of cardiovascular diseases, for this it is necessary to develop care plans through the nursing care process, starting with behavior modification and commitment to treatment and thus create new habits that act as protective factors in complications and improve their quality of life.