Química forense y la implementación de nuevos métodos analíticos dentro del campo forense aplicados en una investigación judicial

Abstract

The forensic investigation has transcendental importance in a crime scene, it studies the evidence involved in a crime in order to provide reliable results before the prosecution, the pharmaceutical biochemist being responsible within the investigation area capable of identifying samples through methods that are used to clarify the facts at the crime scene. The objective of this work was to describe the new analytical methods implemented in forensic chemistry laboratories through a descriptive and comparative analysis for the development of forensic chemical expertise, to determine the effectiveness of the new methods, establishing their advantages and disadvantages. The implementation of these new analytical methods in forensic laboratories manage to reduce the time of analysis and investigations as well as the delivery of results, in addition to being non-invasive methods, they avoid destroying evidence and in combination with other techniques they are more effective. The most relevant methods according to the effectiveness in documentoscopy are Raman and DESI-MS, techniques based on the analysis of ink and strokes, differentiating their composition. In the area of ballistics, methods such as SEM and X-ray fluorescence stand out, allowing detailed information on the study of gunshot residues using three-dimensional images; while in drug analysis Raman and EASI-MIS provide qualitative information quickly, being specific for the detection of cocaine and amphetamine derivatives.