Análisis de los niveles de control de la expresión génica

Abstract

DNA is an essential molecule in life, because it allows to store genetic information of living organisms, considered precise for their development, because it is part of the regulation of gene expression, a process that is used to control the location, time and above all the level of gene expression, where a gene allows transcription into some or several functional RNAs. This action is carried out at different levels which are controlled by different elements. Gene regulation is executed by 7 levels which are; Pre-transcription, transcription, transport of messenger RNA to the cytoplasm, Processing of the primary RNA transcript, Translation of mRNA, degradation of mRNA and post-translational modifications. Levels of control of gene regulation that will be mentioned in this work with the aim of analyzing their mechanism, considering the level of greatest importance within this process, through a bibliographic review. Within the 7 levels of control, the most essential point is transcription, since its purpose is to produce an RNA copy of the subsequent DNA sequence of a gene, in the same way, the genes encoding the transcript copy have the necessary genetic information so that it can originate a protein called polypeptide; in such a way that it consists of 3 phases: initiation, elongation and termination, which are fundamental in the transcription process of the regulation of gene expression.