Factores que influyen en la tuberculosis y la coinfección con VIH basado en el autocuidado

Abstract

Introduction: HIV infection and Tuberculosis are closely related and the presence of both is known as co-infection or dual TB/HIV epidemic. TB is the most frequent opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infections. Worldwide there are 38 million people living with HIV/AIDS and a quarter of this group is more likely to suffer from latent TB and reach present active TB, according to studies carried out in the year 2016, being the influential factors of greater risk in this co-infection malnutrition, diabetes mellitus, smoking and alcoholism. The development of this work has focused on the review of scientific literature which allows it to describe the determining and influencing factors of tuberculosis and coinfection with HIV, thus achieving diagnoses and subsequently applying the nursing care process based on Dorothea Orem's model, thus achieving an improvement in the patient's quality of life. Objective: To determine the factors that influence tuberculosis associated with HIV based on Dorothea Orem's nursing model that allows improving the quality of life of the patient. Method: The research is of a clinical, descriptive and analytical type through which it was possible to know the patient's problems, identifying and describing the relevant elements of the clinical case, thus managing to propose the analysis and carry out the interventions pertinent to the needs of the patient. Results: Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection is considered a public health problem; both pathologies share similar epidemiological scenarios and risk factors, a situation that drives synergy in morbidity and mortality. In the exposed case study, the influential factors detected were male sex, weakened immune system, lifestyle and drug use, data that coincide with several scientific studies currently carried out.