Hemofilia en la adolescencia fundamentado en la teoría del autocuidado de dorothea orem

Abstract

Introduction: Hemophilia is a hereditary disease that affects the coagulation system, it is related to the mutation of the factor 8 and 9 genes, better known as hemophilia A and B. It is associated with the X chromosome gene, for which is more common its transmission in the male sex, meanwhile the female gender is its main carrier. The most characteristic symptoms of hemophilia are bruising, bleeding, pain and hemarthrosis that occurs at the level of the knees, ankles and even the elbows. As this type of condition constantly occurs, damage to the joints can occur, causing complications such as chronic arthropathy, hemophilic synovitis and even intracranial hemorrhage. According to statistical data worldwide there are 1,125,000 people with hemophilia, representing 80% type A. The Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador states that during the year 2018 there are 1,348 patients with hemophilia, of which 763 correspond to hemophilia A and 585 have type B. In 2019 "The National Blood Program" reported 19 cases of hemophilia A in the Province of El Oro. The World Federation of Hemophilia recommends that the most convenient way to approach these patients and their family is providing multidisciplinary assistance based on standardized protocols. Considering the nurse as an important entity in promoting the theory of self-care through the education of the individual and family, promoting self-treatment, training them in outpatient treatment and with special attention to adolescents with hemophilia in their adherence to treatment. Acting in a timely manner in emergency situations, in order to reduce hospital admissions. Objective: the work had the purpose of analyzing hemophilia in adolescence based on Dorothea Orem's Theory of self-care.