Intervención de enfermería en insuficiencia renal crónica

Abstract

Introduction.- Chronic renal failure (CRF) is defined as the decrease in kidney function due to irreversible deterioration or destruction of the nephrons, which are the functional units of the kidney, either slow or progressive, which results in a high accumulation of nitrogenous products such as urea, creatinine and other excretion products in the blood. Most people with chronic kidney disease are in stage three, 60% to 70% of cases are caused by diabetes and hypertension, the rest of the cases occur in young people who do not have hypertension and diabetes. Chronic kidney failure is the fifth reason for death in Ecuador. According to the projection of the population for the year 2022, it is 17,989,912 inhabitants in Ecuador and an incidence rate of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) under treatment is estimated at 206 cases per million inhabitants and a rate prevalence of 1,074 per million inhabitants. With a cut-off date of May 15, 2022, around 19,372 patients in renal replacement therapy distributed in the National Health System are registered in Ecuadorian territory. Nursing staff must have extensive knowledge due to the patient's health conditions, this process is based on Marjory Gordon's nursing care model, defines functional patterns as the form of behaviors that are most common in people, which contribute to the optimal state of health, quality of life and also measure the achievement of the patient's potential. Implement a care plan based on the needs of the patient diagnosed with chronic renal failur. The databases were searched: Scielo, Dialnet, Scopus, Redalyc among others, in English and Spanish. The research is of a scientific, analytical and descriptive type, it is carried out with the review and follow-up of the clinical case, through the clinical history, object of study, bibliographic search of scientific articles, a direct observation guide and unstructured interview were used. This nursing process is based on Marjory Gordon's Theory, using its functional patterns. For the diagnostic approach, reasoning networks for nursing diagnoses are proposed. Nursing diagnoses are formulated using the NANDA-I literature. Planning is carried out by proposing NOC results and Indicators and NIC interventions. The execution details the activities carried out with the patient. The evaluation reflects the achievements of the patient through the NOC indicators. It can be concluded that at present people's lifestyle influences the appearance of chronic degenerative diseases, which is why the Marjory Gordon care model is implemented in which a care plan is established based on the characteristics functional patterns prioritizing those that are altered. Based on our stated objectives, it was possible to identify the altered functional patterns in the patient, nursing interventions were prioritized, in addition, the specific nursing care for the patient was determined, as well as education about the fundamental care for the management of the optimal state. Once the actions established by Marjory Gordon had been carried out, thus ensuring a speedy recovery and an excellent collaboration on the part of the patient.