Autoeficacia en pacientes con trastorno por consumo de cocaína del CETAD

Abstract

The present study sought to evaluate the levels of self-efficacy of patients with cocaine use disorder in the center specialized in the treatment of people with problematic use of alcohol and other drugs CETAD, in addition to recognizing their symptomatology and the influence of the family relationship, the research was supported by the cognitive behavioral approach that has as its foundation how the cognitive processes of thought and reason contribute to human emotions and behaviors, This approach also emphasizes that an important factor in determining the behavior of a subject is the context in which he/she develops. Likewise, this approach determines that self-efficacy is a cognitive construct because it is based on individual beliefs, as Bandura states, self-efficacy is the perception that the human being has of his/her abilities and competencies to face any situation, whether it is a daily or risky one. Within the field of addictive behaviors, self-efficacy is considered relevant since it stimulates the belief to act in a favorable way in situations that may arise, and also allows coping to be adequate and the risk of consumption to decrease. The research was carried out under the mixed study modality quantitative-qualitative, its design was sequential exploratory, which had a descriptive, explanatory, cross-sectional scope that consists of specifying how the phenomena are manifested within the study, in this case the characteristics of these people were investigated in order to analyze how the levels of self-efficacy are. The categories of analysis for this study were. self-efficacy, action self-efficacy and family relationships. The selected participants were male persons aged 18-40 years who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of poly-drug use disorder with a major tendency to cocaine, who were in phase two of residential treatment and who had completed the previous outpatient treatment. The instruments used were, the semi-structured interview, the general self-efficacy scale by Baessler and Schwarzer 1996, which measures psychometrically the individual's personal belief in coping with situations that may arise, this instrument consists of ten items, in addition to extra information provided by the review of clinical histories. The results obtained show that in the first case, the patient who has been hospitalized for the longest time perceives high levels of self-efficacy, while in the second case, due to the shorter time spent in hospital, the patient has low levels of self-efficacy, which is related to the treatment that each patient is undergoing. These patients are in the category of action self-efficacy because they decided to take the first step towards substance withdrawal because the substance was causing significant damage in their lives deterioration of interpersonal relationships, clinical problems and maladaptive behaviors. In the family relationship it is evident that the patients developed in a dysfunctional context with non-existent family support, there was little involvement of the parents in their parenting styles so they were negligent and permissive, which led to problematic consumption.