Plan de intervención para el tratamiento de fobia específica desde el enfoque cognitivo conductual

Abstract

Specific phobia is a mental disorder characterised by persistent anxiety, it involves intense or irrational fear of a certain object or specific situation, this leads the sufferer to avoid daily activities in which the phobic stimulus is present, presenting physiological, psychological and behavioural symptoms, the symptoms depend on the type of specific phobia although generally the symptoms are similar, within the common types of phobia are, towards animals, natural environment in particular, blood or wounds, as well as injections or other situations, within the physiological symptoms the person suffering from this disorder presents sweating, palpitations, difficulty breathing, dizziness, vomiting, fainting, panic, on the other hand within the psychological symptoms the subject presents difficulty in maintaining an adequate performance, negative or maladaptive thoughts, in the behavioural symptoms the person suffering from a specific phobia normally maintains avoidance or flight behaviours before the phobic object or situation. Through bibliographic research work, important aspects of specific phobia will be detailed, from its aetiology, the difference between fear and phobia, the criteria established for a correct diagnosis. In addition to proposing a therapeutic intervention plan for specific phobia from the cognitive behavioural approach, as this therapy has been shown to be an effective intervention method for the treatment of this disorder with techniques such as, live exposure, systematic desensitisation, participant modelling, practice with reinforcement, cognitive restructuring and relaxation techniques.