Enfermería en acción: guía de manejo básica en intoxicación por calcio antagonistas

Abstract

Calcium blockers are mainly used in the treatment of high blood pressure, they act by blocking the L channels in the blood vessels (dihydropyridines) preventing the entry of calcium into the intracellular space causing vasodilation and thus a decrease in blood pressure; When there is intoxication related to this medication, cardiogenic shock occurs due to hypoactivity of the heart, which leads to altered state of consciousness, kidney failure, lactic acidosis as a result of oxygen, glucose, and fluid deficits in various target organs; The treatment currently offered is based on the reported experience of the case analyses, due to the fact that there is no specific protocol. For this reason, we present the "Basic Guide for the management of calcium channel blocker poisoning". Surveys were carried out for its elaboration. to the nursing staff of the ICU and Emergency areas of the Teófilo Dávila Hospital with the aim of measuring their knowledge in the management of this type of intoxication, in the data collected a large percentage of the nurses have not treated this type of cases, however have basic knowledge in the treatment of refractory hypotension and in the use of decontaminating measures, due to the lack of experience in these intoxications it was observed that they did not know the usefulness of calcium gluconate and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic, it is important to mention that the level of knowledge of the nursing staff in the approach to hemodynamically unstable patients does not depend directly on the and the years worked in critical areas.