Metodología para el diseño de sistemas urbanos de drenajes sostenibles que minimicen el riesgo de inundaciones en vías urbanas.

Abstract

The present research work deals with the problem of flooding risk in urban roads of coastal cities, being evident that the sewage system is not enough to drain the runoff water during the rainy season, so it is necessary to analyze alternatives to minimize the flows that go to the drainage system and thus control or mitigate flooding. For this reason, the affectations in winter storms in the urban areas of the Machala canton, specifically the area that presents flood points adjacent to the El Macho Canal, were analyzed to later propose a sustainable drainage design methodology through drainage management criteria that allow the reduction of flood risks on urban roads. The applied methodology focused on two research variables: sustainable urban drainage systems and flooding in urban roads. For the SUDs, the elements, drainage, flows and flooding of urban roads were analyzed. For the following variable, the physical and environmental context was analyzed. Therefore, for the selection of the type of SUD, the building typology was implemented for our environment. As a result of the design, the permeable pavement system was dimensioned, with thicknesses chosen for the correct operation where we have an 8 cm paver, a 5 cm transition layer, a 23 cm base, a 23 cm sub-base and an improvement of 30 cm. In addition, a porous concrete system is implemented, which will serve to accumulate runoff. This strip has a thickness of 15 cm porous concrete, a 45 cm permeable sub-base and a 250 mm diameter perforated tube. The other proposed system is that of a floodable parterre for an area of 11.65 hectares, where we implement gardens with a depth of 12 cm in an area of 5000 m2 to cover the runoff produced by the impermeable area.