Fichas lúdicas para la atención de niños con discalculia de cuarto y quinto grado en la Escuela Luis Ángel León Román de Pasaje, 2021-2022

Abstract

Learning disabilities not associated with a disability are considered as an obstacle in the teaching process, because there are no effective methods to eliminate this difficulty, the causes vary when detecting these problems as they usually occur from birth, affecting the way the brain processes information, causing a lack of interest and low self-esteem in those who suffer from it, so within the educational field it is important that teachers generate necessary changes in their teaching methodology according to the needs of students. Thus, it is necessary to consider classrooms as real scenarios, where appropriate methodologies, strategies and resources are applied in order to achieve significant learning, reflecting greater interest in improving educational quality standards. When there is no involvement of the teacher in the teaching process, learning is affected because there is no intervention that strengthens and stimulates students, which is why it is not possible to promote significant changes in their performance. Therefore, the following degree work is focused on the learning problems caused by dyscalculia in students of general basic education at the Luis Ángel León Román school in the Pasaje canton in the school year 2021 - 2022, the topic arose through direct observation of the educational context, in the same way it was possible to measure the degree of interest of the teacher at the time of teaching mathematics classes. A qualitative-quantitative methodology is presented. Quantitative because it is necessary to collect information through the research instruments applied to strengthen the topic to be addressed, and quantitative because it is important to measure the data obtained in order to determine what are the main features that cause dyscalculia in students. In addition, a test called CAB-DC was applied as an educational resource to support learning problems, which was adapted for students in fourth and fifth grade of basic education, this type of test manages to determine four important aspects such as social relations, learning and development, mathematical reasoning, mathematical language. In the same way an observation guide was applied to the students, which allowed to delimit that the students did not feel motivated within the teaching process, at the same time it was observed that the teachers at the time of teaching mathematics lacked illustrative materials to awaken the interest, this was evident since there were few participatory scenarios turning it into traditional environments. For this reason, the need arises to propose a training plan that directs the teachers improvement, which includes information about dyscalculia as a learning problem, as well as the elaboration of playful cards in the area of mathematics to attract the interest and motivation of the students. As a final point, it is considered that the teacher is an essential entity in the process of student formation, being a professional dedicated to convert those barriers into solutions, accepting the way they learn and how they receive the information, valuing the skills and abilities that each student can have, thus achieving substantial changes in the educational quality.