Evaluación del proceso de gestión ambiental de desechos de aceites dieléctricos en transformadores de distribución en CNEL EP El Oro

Abstract

Oils containing polychlorinated biphenyls have been used for several decades in global electrical systems for their function as coolants in transformers, despite the good role they play in the electrical sector, it has been proven that they are potentially harmful to health and the environment. environment, in Ecuador it has been recognized that this component is harmful and has been classified as a dangerous product and as such must be treated according to the guidelines established in the ministerial agreements that encourage its use. In this research, we will talk about these components and we will focus on the evaluation of the activities carried out in the management of dielectric oil waste at CNEL El Oro. This work is made up of three chapters. In the first, we will focus on an evaluation in the area of the transformer workshop and hazardous waste warehouse at CNEL EP El Oro, to find out how the environmental management of the waste generated from transformers is being carried out when maintenance is being carried out or when are replaced and their useful life ends, this information allowed to know in detail the variable studied through the application of an observation sheet of compliance with environmental criteria and regulations and interviews with operational and administrative staff, where the conclusion was reached that despite the fact that it complies with the regulations by 86%, the remaining 14% is not executed correctly so that it is necessary to adopt measures for this percentage. The second chapter shows the integrating proposal, once the problems within the electricity corporation have been identified, it has been shown that a correct control is not carried out in the Transformers Laboratory and Hazardous Waste Warehouse area, for this reason, it has been proposed to propose a contingency plan for the Transformers Laboratory and Hazardous Waste Warehouse, which will be applied when oil spills occur during handling, it is designed based on the Ecuadorian regulations that stipulate its use, it was developed through a flow chart for better understanding by the staff working in those areas. The third chapter deals with the feasibility, according to the analysis carried out, this project is feasible in all these areas; it is technically feasible since criteria with a legal basis were used to prove its efficiency, making it an effective plan, easy to understand and interpret, economically a method known as avoided costs were used, where it shows that by avoiding impacts we are going to reduce significant costs in sanction payments administrative and payment of remediation and mitigation projects in case the magnitude of the contamination is extensive, socially we apply a SWOT method where we analyze the strengths, threats, opportunities, and weaknesses, for the environmental part the PER method was used. In conclusion, it was determined that with the application of the contingency plan, the shortcomings found during the evaluation phase were resolved and the personnel will be protected from exposure to these contaminants.