Análisis del cambio de uso de suelo y estrategias de manejo en la Microcuenca del Río Raspas, cantón Pasaje

Abstract

Productive activities over the decades have left a deep mark on nature, and their impact has been reflected in the change of land cover and use, fragmentation of the ecosystem, alteration of the natural landscape, loss of biodiversity and consequently in people's quality of life. Hydrographic basins are no exception, however, the consequences tend to present more relevant features, since it is a natural territorial unit, where the limitations are greater, mainly in the soil, and its deterioration is intrinsically linked to the water resource. Based on these precedents, the present study was proposed in the Raspas River micro-basin, Pasaje canton, which is structured in three chapters, in which a description is first made, an analysis of the current reality, which results in the proposal, and in the last one the feasibility of the proposition addressed to different approaches is synthesized. Thus, in chapter I, of the description and approach to the study, information was collected through different sources, which was fundamental for the analysis process, through methods such as bibliographic compilation and semi-structured interviews, the characterization of the productive tasks was streamlined. that are developed in the study area, in addition the field trips offered a better interpretation of the problem, on the other hand through the ArcGIS geography information system, thematic maps were obtained, which facilitated the analysis of the transition of the coverage of land use of the period 2000-2018, among the results found the greater pressure to which rural areas are subjected, especially hydrographic basins, deforestation with 22.68% and a total of 953,160 hectares, product of the expansion of the agricultural frontier, in particular the cultivation of pasture for livestock. The 1.28% regeneration was also part of the change, but with a positive approach. Chapter II establishes as a proposal the environmental zoning and strategies for the integrated management of the micro-basin, the objective being to order the geographical unit according to economic and socio-environmental components, through strategies and guidelines for the sustainable use of natural resources, in favor of putting into practice the long-awaited sumak kawsay, establishing a solution that, at the same time, promotes the restoration and increase of productivity and therefore profitability. In the last chapter, III, the feasibility of the proposal will be extended under four factors, which make up the basis of every project, in the technical component, a flow chart that determines the consistency of the process through public entities, for the social, the methodology SWOT, which through internal situations and externalities offers a generalized idea of the pros and cons of the proposal, the IRR and VAN, in the economic part for a medium-term horizon and the environmental dimension, in this case criteria were chosen. provision of environmental services, such as mitigation of climate change in a qualitative and quantitative way.