Análisis del agua mediante bioindicadores en el humedal La Tembladera: un enfoque a las estrategias de conservación y manejo

Abstract

The Tembladera wetland is of great importance for being a water reservoir allowing agricultural activities to develop, it also has a varied aquatic diversity to determine its quality, it should be noted that due to the incorrect actions of man has brought consequences to the water resource and reduction of macroinvertebrates. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze water quality through the sampling of aquatic macroinvertebrates as biological indexes for the protection and conservation of La Tembladera Wetland. The data obtained will be useful for the development of the proposal for the implementation of the prevention and contingency action plan. This study has 3 chapters: the first one specifies the methodology, which has a quali-quantitative approach, due to the search of bibliographic sources and the work in situ, to obtain the required data, therefore, the type of research is documentary due to the research of magazines, reports, etc., and field research due to the samplings carried out. The D-net network was used to capture macroinvertebrates and proceed to the identification and classification of families to establish water quality using the methodology of the Biological Monitoring Working Party BMWP/Col index. Also, a water sample was collected for chemical analysis of elements such as phosphate, nitrites and nitrates to determine the causes that influence the reduction of bioindicators. In the second chapter, based on the results obtained from the analyses using the Biological Monitoring Working Party BMWP/Col index, it was found that there is a reduction of macroinvertebrates indicating that the water is moderately polluted, and in turn, the element that is present in the wetlands is the one that has the highest concentration of bioindicators, The element that is present in the La Tembladera wetland is phosphate according to the chemical results of the water in the NEMALAB laboratory. For this reason, a proposal was made to design two action plans for prevention and contingency to improve water quality, conserve aquatic biodiversity and reduce phosphate. The prevention plan will be aimed at removing and treating the lechuguines Eichhornia crassipes mechanically and the contingency plan deals with the design of artificial wetlands with surface flow, which is a system that will remove the contaminating element. The third chapter establishes the feasibility of the proposal, for which different tools were used. For the technical dimension, the McKinsey 7s Model was applied, which allows each role to be carried out precisely, in the economic dimension, the method of avoided or induced costs was used to show the economic savings, The social aspect was analyzed using the SWOT Matrix, which helps to know and evaluate the real state of the study area, and the environmental aspect was analyzed using the Pressure-State-Response PSR model, which verifies the pressure exerted by the activities that modify the state of the resources and the response to the situation.