Determinación microbiológica y metales pesados como diagnóstico socioambiental a las aguas de pozo para consumo humano del colectivo Vía Balosa

Abstract

The contamination of water for human consumption is a worldwide problem, generated by different situations, one of the main ones is the incorrect final disposal of wastewater, specifically that coming from toilet discharges, influencing groundwater, affecting its quality, such as This is the case of the Via Balosa collective, which presents problems of water contamination in the wells from which they are supplied with vital liquid, because they do not have a sewage service, they have seen the need to discharge their liquid waste in septic tanks, additional The collective has within its limits the former Ceibales garbage dump and the Machala landfill. That is why the microbiological determination and heavy metals have been proposed as a general objective in order to guarantee the sustainability of the affected resource. This research has a mixed approach, with a correlational, descriptive, explanatory scope that will achieve a superficial idea of the effects on the environment based on the problems presented by the group and, accordingly, propose possible solutions. The research information was obtained through laboratory analysis and community surveys that are aware of the current situation in the study area. The sampling points were determined according to the location of the wells and were taken at a given time, with the help of a GARMIN OREGON 750 GPS and the Google Earth and Arcgis 10.8 mapping programs, the study area was surveyed. The results of the different diagnostic methods in this investigation determined that the water from the supply wells for human consumption of the Via Balosa collective is contaminated by the presence of fecal coliforms, total coliforms, cadmium, lead and mercury, exceeding the limits permissible maximums that are found in the INEN 1 108 and TULSMA book VI regulations, annex 1, table 1. For this, the proposal generated was the implementation of a wastewater treatment plant through chlorination so that the discharged waters are in accordance with the parameters that the law imposes and thus solve the main contaminant of the collective's water wells.The treatment plant will have three chambers, pumping station sedimentation chamber, contact chamber chlorination chamber and revision station, the measures and technical criteria for the implementation of the treatment plant were carried out according to the number of houses accounted for in the citadels of the collective and the total discharge volume for which the application of the formula was necessary. The implementation of a WWTP by chlorination method will improve the water quality of the wells since inadequate wastewater discharges by the community will be eliminated, in addition, it is sought that the effluent used to empty the treatment plant maintain its natural conditions.