Estado de conservación actual de los bosques deciduos de la provincia de El Oro

Abstract

The productive, technological and demographic development of the population has marked a before and after changes in land use on the earth's surface, especially in the types of ecosystems, altering their extension, resources, biodiversity and environmental services that they provide. This problem is manifested in the deciduous forest ecosystem or also known as dry forest, given that currently most of its surface worldwide is altered, by productive activities or new areas of anthropic coexistence, being the province of El Oro part of the problem. Under this context, this research is developed in three chapters which focus on their own objectives of: analysis through the use of data collection methods; proposal taking the information collected, focused on solving the identified problem and intervening feasibility of executing the proposal under four areas technical, economic, social and environmental, finally conclusions and recommendations. Chapter I, focused on characterizing the object of study, identifying the current state of the deciduous forest ecosystem within the province of El Oro, evaluating changes in land use and the situation of dry forest vegetation taking into account the NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Finding that the dry forest has lost about 42% of its coverage until 2018, adding largely to the agricultural lands of the province, mainly in the cantons of Las Lajas, Arenillas and Santa Rosa. It was also possible to verify the state of the current vegetation, in which the intervention in the dry forest in protection areas was evidenced, and the presence of still healthy remnants. Chapter II, based on the information collected, a proposal was prepared, which aims to establish a Commonwealth between the GAD's Decentralized Autonomous Government of the cantons Las Lajas, Arenillas and Santa Rosa, due to the fact that the presence of the ecosystem is mainly focused on their territories. The association would be in charge of managing surface activities, considering the implementation of preventive, corrective and mitigation measures, if necessary, to conserve and regenerate the deciduous forest ecosystem, with the help of organizations of national interest. mutual, such as the PROAmazonia program. Chapter III, the feasibility of the proposal is established, considering the dimensions, technical, in which the fact of having the necessary mechanisms and background for the execution of the proposal is mentioned, and the formation of the association Las Lajas , Arenillas and Santa Rosa, economic, with an estimate of costs avoided in the future, considering the necessary resources, of not generating any proposal, project or plan within the territory, social, exposes through a SWOT matrix, the internal strengths and weaknesses of the proposal, considering the low interest of joint participation of the GAD's, we also have the external opportunities and threats of the proposal, and finally the environmental dimension, shown through a PER matrix Pressure, State and Response, where the pressures suffered by the current state and the necessary response to manage the problem are established. In conclusion, the province of El Oro, over time, has increasingly reduced its ecosystem, due to poor management of activities and environmental conservation, and in the not too distant future, the rest of the ecosystem will be lost. surface.