Evaluación socio - ambiental del desarrollo de la actividad pecuaria en la Microcuenca Piedras perteneciente a la parroquia La Bocana

Abstract

The increase in the area occupied by livestock activities has led to the management of different types of negative environmental impacts in various areas, with rural areas being the most affected. These areas are considered to be more susceptible given the lack of technology in their activities, and the poor infrastructure for handling and waste management, leading to a decrease in the environmental quality and health of the inhabitants. The Piedras micro-basin, in the La Bocana parish, is one of the areas with the greatest dominance in its coverage of livestock activity, with a low technical development of livestock processes and actions, in addition to its deficiency in its waste disposal systems and waste. Taking into account the aforementioned, the present investigation is governed by three chapters, which consist of, analyzing the state of conservation of the Piedras micro-basin, to later develop an integrating proposal, concluding with an analysis of the feasibility of the implementation of said proposal. Chapter I, The object of study was analyzed, considering the livestock expansion within the surface of the micro-watershed, the subjective perspectives of livestock producers and residents, and finally evaluating the negative impacts of cattle and pig production. It was found that livestock activity has seen an extension of 30% for the year 2018, with a continuous expansion towards areas of plant cover forest, for which environmental resources and services have been reduced and in a state of degradation, the discrepancy between the opinions of producers and residents was also evidenced, considering on the one hand a good state of conservation, and another of degradation, differing from what was observed in the field trips, and within the livestock EIA, 3 negative impacts were considered as the most relevant, with a moderate assessment, within which for the determination of the proposal in chapter 2, a matrix of requirements and the choice of the requirement would be established. to intervene. Chapter II, It was carried out based on the results obtained in chapter 1, developing an integrating proposal, which was aimed at training livestock producers in the area through the use of a plan and manual of good livestock practices, considering that their application would solve the previously identified problems. Chapter III, The feasibility of the proposal is developed, in 4 areas, technical, where the technical compliance of the proposal was demonstrated, economic, establishing a model of costs avoided in the future, social, determining through a SWOT matrix, the internal strengths and weaknesses of the proposal, and the external opportunities and threats, and finally the environmental one, evidencing in a PER, the pressure of the area, the current state, and the responses that would solve the pressure. In conclusion, the Piedras micro-basin is directly affected by the development of livestock activities throughout most of the territorial area, due to poor technical employability, management in production processes and bovine and pig solid and liquid waste.