Diagnostico ambiental del sistema operacional en el relleno sanitario Ceibales del cantón Machala y establecimiento de medidas preventivas y correctoras

Abstract

Sanitary landfills must be technically designed to avoid the proliferation of unpleasant and harmful odors for the population, which is one of the main causes that pollute the environment, due to the high levels of waste generated through human activity, which is why it should be implement. The presence of offensive odors from landfills occurs when the landfill lacks a technical operation, as established in the environmental legal regulations whose purpose is to protect the environment in such a way that natural resources are controlled. The perception of bad odors is not permanent, due to weather conditions and the direction of the winds. In addition, in the sectors surrounding the Ceibales landfill, producing negative impacts on the quality of life of people. The present investigation has a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach, which will be of great importance to carry out the investigation, in addition, an interview was conducted with the person in charge of the operation of the landfill, as well as the main environmental problems that have arisen in the place, to subsequently carry out water sampling by the laboratory to verify the maximum permissible limits as established by law. The study area is located in the south-western part of the country in the province of El Oro, The land where the Sanitary Landfill is located belongs to the Machala canton, located in the sector called Ceibales 13 km from the city center, the main access road is the Machala - Santa Rosa highway via Balosa. The RS has an area of 20.27 hectares. An environmental impact assessment importance matrix was used, the same one that was used by the Ministry of the Environment, Water and Ecological Transition, the same one that contributes to the identification of environmental impacts. Water samples were taken inside the landfill, the same ones that were sent to the Marcos Chemical Group certified laboratory in the city of Guayaquil, taking into account some parameters Aluminum, Total Ammonia, Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium, Biphenyls, Boron, Cadmium , Cyanides, Zinc, Residual Chlorine, Chlorophenols, Cobalt, Copper among others. To develop the sampling, the laboratory sampling personnel proceeded to where the sampling will be carried out, using instruments such as GIS software, in addition to the bottles where the water to be analyzed would be taken. Containers. The Grupo Químico Marcos team determined it necessary to obtain 5 samples of water in sterilized containers that will help determine the values of the parameters to be analyzed. It is necessary to have the following data such as sampling points, time of sampling and sampling location. Storage and transport. Once the water samples are obtained, the containers are placed inside a cooler with ice so that it does not exceed 5 degrees Celsius, in order to be transported to the City of Guayaquil where the analyzes of the established parameters will be carried out. Notes, Important and specific data will be taken from the investigation that will serve to advance the work, such as the operational phases of the landfill. GPS, The Geographic Information System helps obtain georeferential data during visits to the study area, in order to determine specific points in the area. ArcGis 10.3, It is a cartographic program that allows us to locate the points taken through the GPS, which will delimit the study area, direct and indirect area of influence. Through the analyzes carried out, it was possible to identify the degree of contamination according to the maximum permissible limits established in the Current Legal Regulations, in order to establish corrective measures and avoid environmental, economic and social problems in the city of Machala.