Evaluación de la actividad pecuaria realizada en la asociación Virgen Del Cisne II y diseño de plan de manejo ambiental

Abstract

The association of livestock production Virgen del Cisne II is a farm that is dedicated to the reproduction, breeding and fattening of pigs for their respective commercialization, located in the parish of Puerto Bolívar, Canton Machala. The inadequate management of the various processes for production has developed negative impacts on natural resources and society. Therefore, this research has as its main objective to evaluate the livestock activity environmentally, so it constitutes a mixed approach where through field visits the general characteristics of the most relevant farm that is located in a certain area as a coastal marine ecosystem were identified, and then the environmental impact assessment was carried out through the Leopold matrix, compliance with good pig practices was also verified using technical resolution No. 0216 issued by AGROCALIDAD in relation to environmental legislation. The research is characterized by a mixed approach that allowed to know the environmental problems and develop a possible solution with an exploratory, descriptive and correlational scope; where field notes, Google Earth software, and ArcGIS 10.3 served as instruments to determine the exact location, the area of direct and indirect influence where the presence of shrimp farms was evidenced, small portion of mangroves, it should be noted that currently around the farm has developed naturally plant life in this case mangrove species mostly white, yellow and in small quantities the red so it is necessary to instruct the staff and nearby towns to the protection and maintenance of these for their existence. According to the environmental assessment, the generation of excrement by direct discharge into seawater and mangrove felling used by wood as a production material by people working in the study area was determined as a critical impact, in addition to the incorrect quality of the food mainly the washing because they do not have a specific storage area, Adding to this was evidenced deficit of cleaning and disinfection of facilities which leads to the proliferation of vectors such as insects and rodents. To mitigate, correct or minimize the negative environmental impacts caused by pig production activities, as a proposal, an environmental management plan was designed where in each subplan as stipulated in the articles of the COA where the development of adequate measures to be executed is indicated, among these for the correct management of solid and liquid waste, occupational health and safety, for the correct management of solid and liquid waste, occupational health and safety, environmental education and community relations, the restoration of affected areas contingency guidelines in case of natural and anthropic events, the correct system of closure and abandonment of the project area when it decides, finally, the monitoring and follow-up of WFP compliance. Adopt the proposed measures, the pig farm demonstrates the environmental responsibility for the conservation of the environment and avoid contamination of this, allows to improve productivity by directing to sustainable processes for the efficient use and exploitation of natural resources offered by nature and also comply with the obligations expressed by the competent and secondary authority.