Diagnóstico ambiental de las actividades realizadas en la Hacienda Elvira del cantón Machala y propuestas de sostenibilidad

Abstract

From the early times of the emergence and development of man, there was a need to combat the pests that affected their crops and products with the use of substances capable of eliminating them. The objective of this research was to analyze the greatest impacts caused by the banana industry, such as the affectation of natural ecosystems due to the constant increase in cultivation areas that affect diversity, The agricultural management of crops has different processes among them, this prevent the activity of pests and diseases through the application of agrochemicals intended to prevent pathogens and diseases. The application of the agrochemical, in other words, causing damage to the soil resource due to the poor management of agrochemicals by the producers, that is, due to the high chemical content that they have, the majority of the owners of the farms that are dedicated to the cultivation of conventional bananas use products that are cheaper and are not friendly to the environment, which at the same time are the ones that cause damage to natural resources. The province of El Oro is known for being a producer of banana crops worldwide, but in the same way it is causing problems for the environment. The topics addressed included, the history of its use, the classification, the most frequent uses, the effects on the environment and human health, and the alternatives for its use. Sufficient evidence has been accumulated on the risks that the excessive and indiscriminate use of pesticides entails for health and the environment. The Elvira farm is located in the Machala canton, in which it has 40 hectares of conventional banana cultivation, due to the misuse of herbicides and fertilizers that they use, which has caused an alteration in the pH and electrical conductivity of the soil according to to the analyzes carried out on the soil, however, to try to rehabilitate the soil, new products such as lime have to be used to achieve a neutral soil, fertilizers that contain organic matter, nitrate and potassium, and herbicides such as helmoxone these will help maintain a stable soil, all these are suitable and accessible to the environment, its natural state will be preserved, and in this way you can avoid possible problems to the environment by being sustainable and sustainable In conclusion, it was determined that banana production has a directly proportional inference in the damage that occurs to biodiversity and human health in all the areas where it is produced and the increase in planted areas is increasingly accelerated. The export potential of bananas from Ecuador has an important significance in the loss of agrobiodiversity of species in natural ecosystems, the increase in international demand will favor the expansion of agricultural frontiers, making it necessary to implement sustainable agriculture, resilient and free of pesticides is of vital urgency to protect the bases of food security, of the regions where banana production takes place.