La precariedad laboral en la actividad bananera y sus consecuencias socioeconómicas en los trabajadores del sitio El Placer año 2021

Abstract

The present investigative work focuses on the study of the conditions that are produced by job insecurity in banana workers at the El Placer site, El Guabo canton, El Oro province, for the period 2021, Likewise, the socioeconomic consequences that affect the families of the sector are investigated. Among the secondary problems are the irregularity of contracts by administrators, long working hours, low wages, inadequate protective equipment and non-compliance with the control functions of the Labor Inspectorate. The general objective of the research is to determine the conditions of job insecurity in the banana activity with serious socioeconomic consequences in the workers of the El Placer site of the El Guabo canton, while the specific objectives were aimed at identifying the inconveniences faced by the workers of the banana production units, to establish the socioeconomic conditions of the site workers, and, to specify the decisive measures to improve the social, economic and working conditions of day laborers and their families. The study is descriptive in scope, a mixed methodological approach was assumed that enables the use of qualitative and quantitative techniques, consequently, the epistemological approach used is the hypothetical deductive one and the sociological approach used is the functionalist structural theoretical current, where it is analyzed job insecurity and flexibility as forms of exploitation of workers, banana companies generate large economic income based on the effort of human talent, however they are considered a commodity, their labor rights are violated and they are exposed to precarious conditions, finally, the theoretical-conceptual foundation is supported by citations and bibliographical references from scientific articles published in indexed journals, which contribute to the construction of an academic discourse on job insecurity. The techniques used in the field research are the survey directed at the banana workers and the semi-structured interview for the owners or managers of the productive units, the results of which allow determining the precarious working conditions in the banana activity and the low family socioeconomic level. The empirical results obtained are given from testimonies by the workers of said site, who develop their productive activities in the primary sector of the economy as day laborers, where working conditions are characterized by the violation of human rights., social and legal, due to the instability of contracts, exposure to work risks, low wages and intensive working hours, a fact that leads to precariousness and therefore to a situation of generalized socioeconomic impoverishment. The results achieved allow the approach of an intervention proposal entitled Training project on labor rights, protective equipment and conflict prevention based on the stipulated regulation of the Labor Code aimed at companies providing sufficient protective equipment guaranteeing the health of workers. employees, reduce cases of labor exploitation, increase monthly economic income and improve the quality of life of workers and their families.