Aporte de la actividad pesquera artesanal al desarrollo socioeconómico de Puerto Hualtaco, cantón Huaquillas, año 2021

Abstract

The present investigation of the contribution of the artisanal fishing activity to the socioeconomic development of Puerto Hualtaco, Huaquillas canton, focuses on establishing the socioeconomic conditions of artisanal fishermen dedicated to white fishing, collection of shells, crabs, crabs and shrimp. The fishermen carry out their fishing activities under conditions of defenselessness and vulnerability, receiving economic income below the unified basic salary of the worker, which does not allow them to guarantee adequate coverage of the basic needs of the families, situations that condition them to live in conditions of socioeconomic poverty. In addition, the gastronomic offer and the provision of tourist transport services are the types of enterprises related to the artisanal fishing activity existing in Puerto Hualtaco, however, they do not contribute satisfactorily to the socioeconomic development of the families residing in the context, due to the lack planning by the cantonal GAD and the Ministry of Aquaculture and Fisheries. The study aims to diagnose the socioeconomic impact that artisanal fishing has generated in the families of fishermen and in the community of Puerto Hualtaco as an activity that enhances local development; within the framework of Marxist and critical theory, it will allow us to understand the historical-cultural situation to interpret the socioeconomic reality of the fishermen. The methodological approach is quantitative, the design of the work pertains to the type of research described and diagnostic or propositional, allowing to describe the characteristics, the place and the economic, social, cultural and political process of the sector, supported by the application of surveys and interviews. In addition, the technical team uses the Hypothetical-Deductive epistemological approach, posing the problem and research questions and then building the hypotheses that must be proven or refuted. Among the techniques with which the field research is based to obtain empirical data and characteristics that allow focusing on the problems or phenomena that mitigate the development of the fishing population of Puerto Hualtaco, are, the documentary, the descriptive observation, the survey and the same semi-structured interview. With the implementation of research techniques, it is possible to know the situation of the fishermen of Hualtaco, where 98% of the respondents have stated that for the sale of their sold products, they obtain economic income below the unified basic salary of the worker. In addition, it is revealed that the fishermen are in the poorest quintile, their economic income is not enough to live with dignity, only 1% of those surveyed declared receiving income of up to $600 dollars. Likewise, when carrying out their daily activities, the weighers have to face problems of insecurity, lack of support from the GAD Huaquillas and government institutions, inappropriate clothing, unfair prices for the sale of marine products, basic food and boats that require of maintenance and logistic potentialization for fishing. The purpose of the research is framed in generating proposals and strategies to solve the problem that affects the artisanal fishermen of Puerto Hualtaco, strengthening the skills, abilities, spaces and formation of family micro-enterprises, improving the socioeconomic conditions of the fishermen and the place. Therefore, the technical team has proceeded to select the requirement to intervene regardin