Análisis comparativo de los mecanismos de túneles para la transición de ipv4 a ipv6.

Abstract

In Internet communication, the IPv4 protocol has been widely used to the point of having already exhausted its addresses according to LACNIC statistics, that is why the IPv6 protocol has been developed, which offers an interaction with the TCP/IP architecture and allows the coexistence with the IPv4 protocol, This new protocol allows for the exponential growth of the new generation Internet, since it provides many IP addresses, which will be able to support all the devices that exist today and in the coming years, which would provide a solution to the problems generated by the increase in Internet use. For several years the possibility of migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 has been considered, but this objective has not been achieved. For this reason, different entities have proposed the idea that, if an individual does not have access to the native IPv6 protocol, it would be possible to connect with the help of some mechanism for transition from IPv4 to IPv6, such as Dual Stack, Protocol Translation or Tunnels. Tunnels provide an encapsulation of IP packets either version 4 or 6 to finally send these packets to a destination node. This project focuses on the transition mechanisms from IPv4 to IPv6 through tunneling, therefore a comparative analysis between three tunneling mechanisms, 6to4, 6over4 and GRE. Generic Routing Encapsulation, will be developed, using a graphical network simulator to understand their operation and performance through experimental tests. The following phases were carried out for the development of the project: Identification of the problem, the need for coexistence between IPv4 and IPv6 through the use of tunnel mechanisms that allow the compatibility of IPv6 hosts and networks in existing IPv4 networks and vice versa in some cases, search and collection of accurate information from scientific journals, books and specialized Internet sites to establish characteristics, analysis of the information gathered on each of the tunnel mechanisms through compressive reading, selection of tunnels according to the information obtained to carry out the comparison, design and IP addressing scheme in its two versions for the topology according to the requirements of each of the tunnels, identification and selection of equipment or tools that allow the correct emulation of the tunnels and that are also compatible with the protocols used, configuration of the equipment in GNS3, obtaining the results of the tests performed with respect to connectivity between devices and waiting times, comparison of the results acquired, Finally, the results obtained through the sending of ICMPv6 packets, conclusions about which is the most optimal tunnel either for its connectivity or general characteristics, the same that can be implemented in a network infrastructure without affecting it, and finally, recommendations on improvements or future studies that can be carried out based on the project developed.